Scam, kidnap by South African police

Scam, kidnap by South African police

Medical Writing Institute click here

MJoTAtalks click here

Emerald Pademelon Press LLC click here

Peace Scientists click here
Dr Susanna loves the countries and the peoples of Africa

Scam, kidnap by South African police

Scam, kidnap by South African police

 
Bookmark and Share
Edited from UN website, www.UN.org

The modern use of chemical weapons began with World War I, when both sides to the conflict used poisonous gas to inflict agonizing suffering and to cause significant battlefield casualties. Such weapons basically consisted of well known commercial chemicals put into standard munitions such as grenades and artillery shells. Chlorine, phosgene (a choking agent) and mustard gas (which inflicts painful burns on the skin) were among the chemicals used. The results were indiscriminate and often devastating. Nearly 100,000 deaths resulted. Since World War I, chemical weapons have caused more than one million casualties globally.

As a result of public outrage, the Geneva Protocol, which prohibited the use of chemical weapons in warfare, was signed in 1925.

Chemical weapons
United Nations Report found that chemical weapons fired on civilians on Aug 21 2013. SJ Dodgson. MJoTA 2013 v7n p0917

I don't like to comment on a report I have not seen, but I am making an exception this time because the United Nations website quotes the Secretary-General as saying the report gives conclusive evidence that sarin gas was viciously released on Syrian civilians by military under the control of the Assad government, and that was not the first time.
Edited from Wikipedia

Fluoride salts are used to strengthen teeth and prevent cavities by the formation of fluorapatite.


Sodium fluoride is used to fluoridate water. Toothpaste often contains sodium fluoride.


Sodium fluoride is used as a cleaning agent. In medical imaging, fluorine-18-labelled sodium fluoride is used in positron emission tomographyy (PET).

How to make sarin: edited from Wikipedia

Sarin gas is manufactured and used to murder after methylphosphonyl difluoride is reacted with isopropyl alcohol in the presence of isopropylamine.

A major ingredient in the synthesis of methylphosphonyl difluoride is sodium fluoride. So while the final reaction takes place while the missile is flying towards its victims, the other reactions making the 3 ingredients takes place in a factory somewhere.

At high pH, sarin decomposes rapidly to nontoxic phosphonic acid derivatives.

This means that if sarin lands anywhere near alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate, it will not affect you. The Oxford group recommends towelettes soaked in sodium hydroxide, you can also soak them in baking soda.
  
Edited from Oxford University Department of Chemistry , http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk

If sarin gas is in the air, you can survive if you don't breathe it or get it in your skin.

The final stage of sarin synthesis usually takes place while the missile or other delivery vessel is in flight because it is safer to store the reagents which are far less dangerous than sarin itself.

The hydrolysis reaction is rapid and used for the decontamination of affected areas:

- Solids, powders and solutions containing various types of bleach ( NaOCl- or Ca(OCl-)2 )
- DS2 ( 2% NaOH, 70% diethylenetriamine, 28% ethylene glycol monomethyl ether )
- Towlettes moistened with NaOH dissolved in water, phenol, ethanol and ammonia 

Edited from the United Nations website, www.UN.org


With the entry-into-force of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) on 29 April 1997, the Organization for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons was formally established.


The OPCW Technical Secretariat is located in The Hague, the Netherlands. Currently, 189 nations, representing about 98% of the global population, have joined the CWC. The OPCW mission is to implement the provisions of the CWC and to ensure a credible, transparent regime to verify the destruction of chemical weapons; to prevent their re-emergence in any member State; to provide protection and assistance against chemical weapons; to encourage international cooperation in the peaceful uses of chemistry; and to achieve universal membership of the OPCW. The cooperation between the United Nations and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons is regulated by the relationship agreement between both organisations adopted by the General Assembly in September 2001.